Which condition is NOT a limiting factor for determining maximum takeoff weight?

The maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of an aircraft is determined by various factors that relate to the aircraft's performance, structure, and capability. When evaluating these factors, the maximum approach and landing weight is not a limiting factor for determining MTOW.

While maximum approach and landing weight does play a crucial role in ensuring safe landing and approach procedures, it does not directly influence the aircraft's capability to take off. MTOW is determined by other parameters such as climb performance, structural limits, and brake energy considerations.

In contrast, climb limited takes into account the aircraft's ability to ascend safely after takeoff, max certificated (structural) weight pertains to the maximum weight the aircraft structure can handle, and brake energy limited involves the amount of energy that can be absorbed by the brakes without causing overheating during landing. All these factors directly impact how much weight the aircraft can handle safely during the takeoff phase, whereas maximum approach and landing weight is focused on the aircraft's performance during landing, not during takeoff operations.