Which weight limitation considers the max certificated structural weight?

The maximum takeoff weight is the limitation that specifically considers the maximum certificated structural weight. This weight includes the aircraft’s basic operating weight plus the weight of all passengers, cargo, and usable fuel at the time of takeoff.

The maximum takeoff weight is critical because it ensures that the aircraft can safely take off without exceeding structural limits. This limitation is determined based on the aircraft design and engineering, as exceeding this weight can compromise performance and safety during the takeoff phase.

The maximum ramp weight includes the aircraft's weight on the ground and can sometimes be higher than the maximum takeoff weight due to the different configurations, but it is not specifically tied to structural certification. Similarly, the maximum landing weight and the maximum zero fuel weight have their own defined purposes, but they do not necessarily relate to the maximum structural weight of the aircraft in the same way that the maximum takeoff weight does.